130 lat Kolei Poleskiej

W tym roku mija 130 lat od uruchomienia linii kolejowej Białystok – Żednia – Waliły – Krynki (Zubki Białostockie) – Wołkowysk – Słonim – Baranowicze. Spinała ona kolej warszawsko-petersburską z warszawsko-moskiewską. Była jedną z czterech linii kolejowych, które powstały w drugiej połowie XIX w. jak tzw. Kolej Poleska. Sieć, wybudowana przez ówczesny rząd Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego ziemiach pomiędzy Warszawą a Wilnem Moskwą i Petersburgiem, była jedną z największych inwestycji kolejowych w Europie.

Oddany do użytku 5 grudnia 1886 r. szlak Białystok – Baranowicze przyczynił się do rozwoju gospodarczego znajdujących się na jego trasie miejscowości, ułatwiając przepływ towarów i ludności. Ruch ten zamarł dopiero pod koniec ubiegłego wieku na skutek przemian ustrojowych w Polsce i Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej. Transport kolejowy został w dużej części zastąpiony tańszym i bardziej mobilnym samochodowym (tirami). Ruch pasażerski zamarł natomiast wskutek nagłego wyludnienia się wsi i miasteczek oraz rozpowszechnienia się samochodów osobowych.

Kolej stanowiła nieodłączny element w życiu wielu pokoleń naszej białoruskiej społeczności. Po tamtym krajobrazie – nitek torów i mknących po nich pociągów – pozostała jednak pustka. Kiedy szesnaście lat temu zamknięto połączenie Białystok – Zubki, tory po stronie białoruskiej, do Brzostowicy, zaraz rozebrano. Po polskiej stronie, z Wałił do Białegostoku, cały czas utrzymywano je jednak w dobrym stanie technicznym, głównie ze względu na okresowy transport drewna. Kilka lat temu połączenie zaczęło funkcjonować raz w roku dzięki przejazdowi pociągu specjalnego Wielkiej Orkiestry Świątecznej Pomocy. Tego lata udało się uruchomić na tej trasie połączenia weekendowe. Stało się tak dzięki wielkiej determinacji mieszkańca Sokola, Andrzeja Kasperowicza – miłośnika kolei i orędownika ponownego uruchomienia połączenia Białystok – Waliły. Zdołał on namówić samorządy województwa oraz gmin Michałowo i Gródek do wydzielenia na ten cel funduszy w swych budżetach.

Z okazji uroczystości w Sokolu na początku września Andrzej Kasperowicz własnym sumptem wydał blisko stustronicową książkę, w której opisał historię trasy od jej powstania do teraźniejszości. Ma nadzieję, iż w następnym roku pociągi z Białegostoku do Walił znów będą kursować i to nie tylko w soboty i niedziele.

Gdyby nasze gminy nie były prawie do cna wyludnione, rzeczywiście ruch kolejowy na naszym terenie mógłby się ożywić. W obecnej perspektywie unijnej, do 2020 roku, Polska otrzyma wiele miliardów euro na rozwój komunikacji szynowej. Jednak w ciągu ostatnich trzydziestu lat sieć kolejowa w całym kraju zmniejszyła się aż o połowę. W obecnej sytuacji możliwe i zasadne jest inwestowanie tylko w szybką kolej pomiędzy większymi miastami. W naszym województwie jest to przede wszystkim połączenie z Białegostoku do Warszawy, które dzięki funduszom unijnym w pewnym stopniu zostało już zmodernizowane. (jch)

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