Lepiej lub gorzej orientujemy się w historii. Słabiej zauważamy, że oprócz tej naszej dzieje się też inna – zmieniają się warunki klimatyczne i przyrodnicze, wymierają miejscowe i pojawiają się obce gatunki, a czasami wracają te, które wyginęły. Ma na to wpływ zarówno człowiek, jak i sama przyroda. Jedne gatunki ginęły, inne były sprowadzane, by było na co polować, jeszcze inne przychodziły naturalnie lub uciekały z hodowli.
W XVIII wieku wyginę±y w Puszczy Białowieskiej jelenie i tarpany, które odłowiono i wywieziono do zwierzyńca Zamoyskich. Według niektórych autorów jeszcze w początkach XIX wieku widywane były rosomaki i polatuchy (takie latające wiewiórki), ale te informacje nie są wiarygodnie potwierdzone. Między 1873 i 1878 wybito ostatnie niedźwiedzie, chociaż już wcześniej były tępione i kłusowane jako cenna zdobycz – nic przecież się nie równało z futrem niedźwiedzia. W 1864 roku do puszczy – w ramach wymiany za żubry – przywieziono ponownie jelenie z Pszczyny. Na początku XX wieku wyginęły norki europejskie. Ostatni łoś zginął podczas I wojny światowej, ale w 1931 sprowadzono je ponownie. W 1919 padł ostatni żubr (przywrócono je puszczy na wolności w 1952 r.). W roku 1932 zabito ostatniego zająca bielaka. Akcja tępienia wilków, rysi i niedźwiedzi była w puszczy prowadzona w latach 1869-1882, a ostatni miś został zabity prawdopodobnie w roku 1878.
W książce o Puszczy Białowieskiej z roku 1894 jej autor E. Wiszniakow opisał walkę niedźwiedzia z żubrem. Straż leśna donosiła o sporadycznych atakach niedźwiedzi na żubry w XIX w., co jednak bywa przez badaczy poddawane w wątpliwość. Adam Wajrak w artykule „Został tylko Niedźwiedź Bury” (DużyFormat, 16. 01. 2003) pisze o pogłoskach, że jednak być może jeszcze w roku 1900 w puszczy mógł się błąkać jakiś niedźwiedź. Piotr Bajko wspomina o niedźwiedziu, który według informacji pochodzącej od syna dawnego leśnika białowieskiego, przekazanej preparatorowi zwierząt z muzeum parkowego, miał przywędrować do puszczy z głębi Rosji w roku 1910 i zostać zastrzelony.
Próbę ponownego zasiedlenia niedźwiedzi w puszczy podjęto w okresie międzywojennym, ale ich historia skończyła się tragicznie. W roku 1938 wypuszczono cztery pierwsze niedźwiadki, zakupione w Związku Radzieckim, a kilka miesięcy później trzy następne. Misie te szybko stały się wielkim problemem, gdyż wychowane z człowiekiem – nie bały się Częścią projektu było też ustawienie w rezerwacie klatki z ciężarną niedźwiedzicą Lolą, przywiezioną z zoo w Poznaniu. Klatkę postawiono w oddziale 317. Do dzisiaj biegnąca tam droga nosi nazwę Trybu Niedźwiedziowskiego. Po urodzeniu dwóch małych, nazwanych Jasiem i Małgosią, po pewnym czasie odstawiono od nich matkę, a niedźwiadki (teoretycznie) nie miały kontaktu z ludźmi i miały stać się dzikimi mieszkańcami puszczy.
O kłopotach z niedźwiedziami donosił 15 maja 1939 roku Dziennik Białostocki: „[…] cztery młode niedźwiedzie […] poszły całą gromadką w puszczę, ale po kilku dniach wróciły. Odpędzano je, straszono, lecz niedźwiadki wdrapały się na drzewa i ani myślały uchodzić do lasu. Wówczas połapano je i wywieziono kilkanaście kilometrów w głąb puszczy. Już wydział łowiecki łudził się, że niedźwiedzie zostaną w lesie, kiedy doszły słuchy, że jeden z czwórki zapędził się do odległej wioski i baraszkuje z dziećmi, wyżera jadło z garnków, myszkuje po izbach […]. Służba leśna nie zdążyła schwytać wesołka, gdy w parku pałacowym w Białowieży pojawił się drugi niedźwiedź. Przyszedł w skwarny dzień, wziął w stawie kąpiel i orzeźwiony zaczął wyczyniać cyrkowe sztuczki na pałacowym dachu. Tego było już za wiele. Niedźwiedzia złapano i wsadzono do klatki. W nocy niedźwiedź połamał klatkę i, spacerując, trafił do… schroniska, gdzie spała wycieczka 40 panien […] Przy tej zabawie złapano go i odesłano wraz z pierwszym do zoo. Niedźwiadki były zbyt zżyte z ludźmi, aby mogły stać się mieszkańcami puszczy. Trzeci miś skończył tragicznie. Chłopi zatłukli go drągami, gdy szedł do nich, łasząc się jak pies. Czwartego spotkał taki sam los. W międzyczasie wypuszczono na wolność jeszcze trzy niedźwiedzie. […] Dawano im co kto miał. Niedźwiedzie tak się do tego przyzwyczaiły, że gdy ktoś nie dał – to bęc go łapą w łeb. […] Blady strach padł na baby zbierające jagody i na robotników leśnych. Wreszcie jeden niedźwiedź zginął zabity drągami. Drugiego złapała służba leśna i odesłała na Polesie. Tam został również zabity. Trzeciego oddano do zoo”.
O urodzonych w puszczy Jasiu i Małgosi ten sam dziennik pisze: „Może żyją, może zginęły zatłuczone drągami. Jednak tropy jednego z nich widziano kilka dni temu”. Miesiąc w szpitalu przeleżała 18-letnia dziewczyna, napadnięta przez niedźwiedzia podczas zbierania jagód a inna, sześcioletnia, nie przeżyła i zmarła z powodu odniesionych ran.
Populacja białowieskich niedźwiedzi powiększyła się podczas II wojny światowej, bo Niemcy przywieźli do puszczy jakąś ich liczbę, podobno odebranych Cyganom, więc tym groźniejszych. Ponieważ nie bały się ludzi, zdarzały się z nimi wypadki śmiertelne. Ostatnie niedźwiedzie widziano w latach 50. XX wieku.
W latach 90., kiedy mieszkałem na południu Polski, napisał do mnie długi list pracownik Zakładu Badania Ssaków z Białowieży, mieszkający na emeryturze w Lublinie, Tadeusz Buchalczyk. Bezpośrednim powodem napisania listu był niepokój o los wycinanej puszczy i sprzeciw wobec zbyt intensywnych w puszczy polowań. Opowiadał w liście o swojej miłości do puszczy, ale przede wszystkim do niedźwiedzi, i o swojej kolekcji niedźwiedzich wyobrażeń.
Miał przydomek Niedźwiedź Bury i sam tak się podpisywał w przysyłanych do mnie listach. W jednym z nich opisał oglądany w roku 1963 ostatni trop niedźwiedzia w puszczy, na granicy polsko-radzieckiej.
Piotr Bajko pisze jednak, że ostatni raz niedźwiedź był obserwowany w lecie 2003 roku po stronie białoruskiej w lesie i na uprawach kołchozu w rejonie prużańskim. Musiał tam przywędrować z głębi kraju, prawdopodobnie z rezerwatu Berezyńskiego, leżącego na północ od Mińska, około trzystu kilometrów od puszczy, bo tam najbliżej puszczy żyje obecnie niedźwiedź brunatny.
Niespodziewanie, w roku 2012, gruchnęła najpierw plotka a potem wiadomość, że Białorusini chcą sprowadzić do Puszczy niedźwiedzie!
Przeprowadzono ankietę, według której ponad 70 proc. mieszkańców okolicznych wsi chce, żeby niedźwiedzie do Puszczy wróciły!
Zapytany podczas wspólnego posiedzenia rad naukowych obu parków pracownik białoruskiego parku narodowego poprosił jednak, żebyśmy nie brali zbyt poważnie wyników badania opinii publicznej w wioskach białoruskich. Dzięki pomocy finansowej ze strony niemieckiej organizacji przyrodniczej pojawił się faktycznie plan odłowienia niedźwiedzi w głębi Rosji i sprowadzenia ich do Puszczy Białowieskiej. Zdaniem badaczki niedźwiedzi najlepiej by było, gdyby miś wrócił do Puszczy w sposób naturalny, właśnie z zapowiednika Berezyńskiego. Osobniki odłowione w zupełnie innym regionie, w kompletnie nowym środowisku będą się zachowywały w sposób nieobliczalny. Zastępca dyrektora białoruskiego parku narodowego powiedział jednak uspokajająco, że na razie projekt jest odłożony na bliżej nieokreśloną przyszłość.
Czekamy więc nadal cierpliwie na powrót niedźwiedzia do Puszczy
Zuzienka Skolimowska , jak powiadali najstarsi mieszkańcy Hajnówki , dziewczynka została rozszarpana przez dorosłego niedźwiedzia w Puszczy e okolicy miasteczka
To jakaś dziwna wiadomość, bo jeśli się nie mylę to na nagrobku podana jest data śmierci 1933 a wtedy w puszczy nie było niedźwiedzi! Pierwsze sprowadzono dopiero w 1938. Problemy zaczęły się w 1939. Poza tym prasa chętnie informowała o sensacjach a do takich należały konflikty z niedźwiedziami. Nie ma żadnej informacji o zabiciu kogokolwiek przez niedźwiedzia przed tragedią w 1939. Myślę więc że to jakaś legenda i chyba w ogóle nie chodzi o konflikt ze zwierzęciem… tym bardziej, że na nagrobku mowa jest, że zmarła a nie zginęła.
od wczesnego dzieciństwa w dniu 1.XI. zawsze zapalałam znicz na grobie Zuzanki , robili to również moi sąsiedzi z podwórka (ul.Waryńskiego 12 – obecnie market Batory w Hajnówce ) n budynku po dawnej pralni mieszkała starsza pani o nazwisku Pawłowska i to on zawsze opowiadała tę historię małej Zuzanki .
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Once I originally commented I clicked the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and now each time a comment is added I get 4 emails with the same comment. Is there any manner you may take away me from that service? Thanks!
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