Przyszedł do mnie przyjaciel, zdenerwowany, że zobaczył w puszczy straszną ranę: szedł kilka kilometrów wzdłuż nieczynnej linii kolejowej i oczy przecierał, widząc wygolony pas szerokości 40 metrów, na którym ziemia była zdarta do warstwy mineralnej. Był przekonany, że o tym wiem. Tymczasem ja tam nie chodzę. Od dość dawna przyjąłem zasadę nieszkodzenia swojemu spokojowi i nie odwiedzania części gospodarczej Puszczy. Przyjaciel przyniósł zdjęcia. Pierwsze nie zrobiło jeszcze wielkiego wrażenia – wszędzie przecież coś się wycina. Ale następne odebrały mi spokój. Kto to zrobił? – myślałem. I po co? Żeby wymienić słupy trakcyjne? Po ostatnich protestach miejscowego aktywu antyparkowego, z udziałem księdza i ministra, co chciał budować tunel pod doliną Rospudy, nie powinienem się już niczemu dziwić, ale jednak czym innym są spotkania tradycyjnych trybunów ludowych, żeby wygwizdać kolejnego ministra i wykrzyczeć coś na ekoterrorystów, przez których Puszcza ginie, a czym innym „oskalpowanie” kilku kilometrów lasu. Wykonano naprawdę ogromną pracę, jak skalpelem obnażono wielokilometrową ranę w środku najstarszej puszczy, tyle że tam rosły tylko krzaki i młode drzewka. Zysk niewielki. Po co? Znajoma z sąsiedniej wsi napisała mi maila, że jej koleżanka, robiąca przed rokiem pracę magisterską o tamtym miejscu, ogłosiła na wieść o oskalpowaniu żałobę.
A tak niedawno środowiska białowieskich naukowców wykpiwały Białorusinów za wytyczanie w ich części Puszczy linii komunikacyjnych i asfaltowanie ich. Jeździłem przez pół roku rowerem po białoruskiej Puszczy, ale czegoś podobnego, jak na zdjęciach przyjaciela z naszej części Puszczy, nie widziałem. Po umieszczeniu zdjęć w internecie pojawiły się dziesiątki przypuszczeń. Niektórzy podejrzewali elektryków, że sobie wygolili pas koło linii napowietrznej, inni myśleli, że może jakiś rurociąg przyjaźni tam poprowadzą, albo przynajmniej ścieżkę, a raczej autostradę, rowerową? Sprawa tajemnicza. Niedaleko od opuszczonej linii kolejowe biegnie droga wojewódzka. Przy niej też same zagadki i konflikty. Na zdjęciu z drugiej połowy XIX wieku widzę, że ta droga była obrośnięta wielkimi sosnami, dębami, klonami. Wtedy carska administracja sprowadziła do Puszczy ogromne ilości jeleniowatych, bo Puszcza stała się łowiskiem cesarza i jego gości. Pomiędzy polowaniami zwierzęta zajmowały się zjadaniem lasu. Jadły przede wszystkim młode drzewa liściaste i uszkadzały sosny. Świerki im nie smakowały. Nic dziwnego, że po stu latach w Puszczy przeważał świerk. To drzewo nie żyje jednak zbyt długo, a kiedy przekroczy wiek stu lat, a do tego obniży się poziom wód gruntowych, słabnie i staje się atrakcyjne dla nielubianego przez leśników (za to uważanego za przysmak przez dzięcioła trójpalczastego) owada – kornika drukarza. Naukowcy nazywają go szkodnikiem wtórnym, czyli przyspieszającym śmierć zamierających drzew. Mój kolega biolog skomentował obecną sytuację: To naturalne, że starsze świerki zamierają, a korniki je uśmiercają. W ich miejsce wyrosną lokalne gatunki, jak chociażby dęby. Las się ciągle zmienia, ale żeby było w nim bogactwo gatunków, biomasa musi pozostać do naturalnego rozpadu. Przynajmniej w rezerwatach.
W rezerwacie wokół drogi wojewódzkiej do Białowieży leśnicy wycięli tysiące martwych i zamierających świerków, które ich zdaniem zagrażały bezpieczeństwu ruchu. Widok tych leżących koło szosy drzew wielu bulwersuje, a naszych antyparkowych aktywistów prowokuje do oskarżania o sabotaż, ekoterroryzm a nawet postulaty odesłania winnych pod sąd lub na Syberię. Przyjeżdżający turyści nie rozumieją jednak przekazu, który sprowadza się do absurdalnego dla nich twierdzenia, że las chce żyć czyli… być wycinany! Przyrodnicy powtarzają, że wycięte drzewa powinny pozostać w rezerwacie, do naturalnego rozkładu, dając życie wielu gatunkom. To przecież tylko wąski pas przy drodze, którego celem jest pokazanie, jak wygląda las naturalny, z którego drzew się nie zabiera. Ustawa także nie zezwala na zabieranie drzew z rezerwatu. Spór trwa, przybierając czasami teatralne formy, kiedy „obrońcy Puszczy” ustawiają na poboczach strzałki i transparenty mówiące o tym, że „las błaga o litość”, a tymczasem kilometr dalej wycięto wszystko co rosło na ziemi w pasie 40 metrów i na długości 7 kilometrów, a w dodatku odsłonięto tę ziemię do warstwy mineralnej. Po co? I tutaj zaskoczę czytelników, bo i sam oniemiałem, kiedy zadzwonił telefon i miły leśnik mi wyjaśnił, że oto zrealizowano tam zaakceptowany wcześniej projekt ochrony przyrody! W Puszczy żyje kilka par orlika krzykliwego, pięknego orła, którego populacja w ostatnim czasie szczęśliwie wzrasta. Orlik buduje gniazda w lesie, ale poluje na obszarach otwartych, zwykle w dolinach rzek. Otóż miłośnicy orlika z Lasów Państwowych postanowili pomóc temu ptakowi i w ramach wielomilionowego projektu stworzyć mu miejsca do polowania – czyli wygolić z wszelkiej roślinności wielokilometrowy pas. Nie pomogły protesty organizacji ornitologicznej, która udowadniała, że orlik tam nie będzie polował, bo nie będzie miał na co, a przede wszystkim tam w pobliżu nie ma… gniazd orlika. Zwolennicy pomagania orlikowi zwyciężyli. Mogę tylko uspokoić znajomych, którzy obawiali się, że może ktoś chce w Puszczy wybudować lotnisko albo tor samochodowy – nic z tych rzeczy, to projekt ochrony pięknego orła! A że przy okazji zabito wszelkie życie i zdarto murawę? Cóż, ochrona wymaga poświęceń. Za kilka dni mam przedstawić raport na temat konsekwencji wyciągania z rezerwatu powalonych drzew – są dane naukowe o tym, jak takie działanie niszczy pokrywę glebową, runo, podszyt, szyje i nabiegi korzeniowe rosnących drzew. Nie mówiąc już o zabieraniu środowiska życia dla wielu rzadkich gatunków tzw. saproksylicznych – żyjących w martwym drewnie. Jak jednak o tym mówić, pamiętając że niedaleko powstał w tym samym lesie pas totalnie pozbawiony pokrywy biologicznej, w celu… ochrony przyrody.
Mój wuj rolnik mawiał: nie słuchaj jak ktoś tłumaczy, że przez wycinanie lasu lub prostowanie rzeki będzie nam lepiej. To tak, jakby tylko siać i nie nawozić. Ojciec Siergieja na spotkaniu z instruktorem od kołchozu, który zachwalał traktor, zapytał: „A to sra?” . „Nie” – odpowiedział instruktor. „To chleba z toho ne budzie” – skomentował Siergiej.
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